Background
Throughout long history, fans have been more than just practical tools for cooling; they are exquisite artifacts that carry profound cultural significance and artistic value.
From the imperial court's exclusive items to the elegant companions of scholars, fans have become a unique symbol of Chinese culture through their diverse forms and superb craftsmanship.
Let's explore several representative types of fans and their historical origins.
Hù Shàn
Hu Fan
The Hu Fan, originally referring to door fans in ancient times, was not a handheld fan in the traditional sense.
However, its opening and closing movements evoke the imagery of a fan, symbolizing ventilation and protection in the household.
It reflects the ancient wisdom of creating a comfortable living environment.
Yǔ Shàn
Feather Fan
The Feather Fan, woven from bird feathers, is light and elegant, dating back to the Spring and Autumn period.
It was favored by scholars and military leaders.
The image of Zhuge Liang holding a feather fan while strategizing has become a timeless representation of wisdom and grace.
Tuán Shàn
Round Fan
The Round Fan, also known as a palace fan or silk fan, is round or nearly round with a long handle and a wide fan surface, usually made of silk or other fabrics.
Often adorned with paintings of landscapes and flowers, it was highly popular during the Tang Dynasty.
It was an essential item for women, symbolizing both practicality and status.
Zhǎng Shàn
Palm Fan
The Palm Fan is small and portable, often used as an accessory during royal or noble outings.
It was carried by attendants to provide a cool breeze to the esteemed individuals, reflecting the social hierarchy and etiquette of ancient times.
It reflects the ancient wisdom of creating a comfortable living environment.
Zhé Shàn
Folding Fan
Originating in the Song Dynasty and flourishing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Folding Fan's collapsible design made it a favorite among scholars.
With poetry and paintings on the fan surface, it exudes elegance with every opening and closing.
The image of Zhuge Liang holding a feather fan while strategizing has become a timeless representation of wisdom and grace.
Zhú Sī Shàn
Bamboo Silk Fan
The Bamboo Silk Fan, woven from bamboo strands as thin as hair, is a complex craft known for its light and airy texture.
It is a traditional famous fan from Zigong, Sichuan, and is praised as a "masterpiece among fans."
Líng Juàn Shàn
Lingjuan Fan
Made from luxurious silk fabrics, the Lingjuan Fan is soft, colorful, and intricately designed.
It embodies both the grandeur of the royal court and the delicate charm of the southern river regions.
Kuí Shàn
Kwei Fan
Made from palm leaves, the Kwei Fan is affordable and widely used by the common people.
Its large surface provides a cooling breeze, making it an essential companion during the hot summer months.
Gōng Shàn
Gong Fan
The Gong Fan refers specifically to the bamboo woven fans passed down through generations of the Gong family in Zigong, Sichuan.
Renowned for its intricate weaving techniques and unique artistic style, it is hailed as "China's No. 1 Fan."
Tán Xiāng Shàn
Sandalwood Fan
Crafted from sandalwood, this fan not only exudes a pleasant fragrance but also resists decay and insects.
The fan surface is often intricately carved or inlaid with jewels, adding to its luxurious appearance.
Lóng Sī Shàn
Dragon Silk Fan
Woven from extremely fine silk threads, the Dragon Silk Fan is a complex craft featuring designs like dragons and phoenixes, symbolizing prosperity.
It was an exclusive item for the royal family and nobility.
Huǒ Huà Shàn
Fire-Painted Fan
Also known as a pyrography fan, the Fire-Painted Fan uses high temperatures to burn designs onto the fan surface, resulting in simple yet elegant patterns.
It is a traditional craft from Xinhui, Guangdong.
Mài Gǎn Shàn
Wheat Straw Fan
Woven from wheat straw, this eco-friendly and durable fan is simple and natural, commonly found among the rural populace, showcasing the ingenuity and creativity of the working people.
Sǔn Ké Shàn
Silk Fan
Made with real silk, the Silk Fan is smooth to the touch with a soft sheen.
Combined with modern design elements, it represents a perfect blend of fashion and tradition.
Zhú Bǎn Shàn
Bamboo Shoot Fan
Utilizing the natural shape and texture of bamboo shoots, the Bamboo Shoot Fan is skillfully crafted, retaining its natural charm while also serving a practical purpose.
Zhú Bǎn Shàn
Bamboo Slat Fan
Made from spliced bamboo strips, the Bamboo Slat Fan is sturdy and durable, simple yet elegant, offering a refreshing breeze during the hot summer days.
Mù Diāo Shàn
Wood Carving Fan
This fan features intricate carvings on either the fan ribs or surface, with various designs.
It is a perfect combination of wood carving art and fan culture.
Xiàng Yá Shàn
Ivory Fan
Crafted from ivory, this fan is intricately carved and highly luxurious, symbolizing the status of ancient nobility.
However, due to wildlife conservation efforts, ivory fans are now extremely rare.
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